NETHERLANDS STATE


Netherlands state has been selected by Roberto Amati in relation to the real history of european integration, then enlisted in the EUROPEAN STATES category, accompanied by own fact SHEET useful to the comprehension, completed of historical MAPS AND IMAGES or with a direct linking to the related Blog contents dedicated to the entire history of european integration and the future of Europe.


Netherlands

Netherlands is an aeternitas of the history of european integration that will have influence on the future of Europe. The name given by the inhabitants is KONINKRIJK DER NEDERLANDEN applying the official national Netherlands language of Dutch (belonging to the group of German family) spoken by the citizens (the Netherlands people name is Nederlanders) who today live in the parliamentary monarchy of Netherlands, together with the residents of others European peoples.


Netherlands is situated in central-western Europe overlooking westward on the Northern Sea, while it confines at East with Germany and on South with Belgium. Its soverainity is completed by the ex-colonial possessions of Suriname and Netherlands Antilles, in South America. The european territory of Netherlands is completely flat and depressed except for southern area that is hilly cause of the Ardennes Massif: great part of it has been subtracted to the sea by building a system of big dams, channels, long bridges and artificial barriers usefull to agriculture and green energy. These lands called polder defined the morfology and the name of the country, crossed by many big rivers as the Rhin, the Meuse and the Scheldt, whose wade deltas formed the indented coasts at south, made of sandy dunes and deep bays over long peninsulas and little islands, all connected by bridges and channels. The biggest is the Ijsselmeer lake (large 400 mt.) that open the internal sea to Amsterdam, while the northern coasts are linear and sandy faced by the Western Frison Archipelago, into the WaddeenZee that is low and navigable only with the high water. The climate is temperate cause of the currents and strong winds from the Atlantic Ocean with large precipitation all along the year and low thermal excursion, rare snowings but often frosts of the channels. But which country is Holland? The world known name for Netherlands is the historial region where have been built the main cities and lots of windmill to disfrute the power of water from the sea.


The history of Netherlands started with the first settlements of the ancient Celts during the Neolithics age (as you can read in this article), who have been followed by the Belgics tribe of Celts and by the Franks, Batavi and Frisons tribes of of Germans: they all were submitted by Romans in I century AD and within the reform of Augustus (see Roman Empire), Netherlands was included into the Germania inferior province that with the reform of Constantine I (see Christian Empire) became part of the Gallia diocesi. At the falling of the Western Roman Empire, this region was icluded in 457 AD in the Regna Austrasia ruled by the Merovingian dinasty.


With the renovatio imperii reform of Charlemagne Netherlands entered the Carolingian Empire, as part of the Regna Lotharingia from 843 AD in accordance with the Verdun treaty until it disappeared splitted between the regna Francorum and the Kingdom of German in 922 AD: since then had been instituted the Duchy of Frisia and the Counties of Holland and of Zeeland both enfeoffed to the Frisia family. Under the Reich Empire they have been ruled by the Flanders, D'Avesnes and Wittelsbach-Straubing dinasties before to be joined into the Flanders&Burgundy Duchy in 1420 AD, under the dominion of the Kingdom of France until 1477 when those feifs got back to the Reich Empire and ruled by the Habsburg-Leopoldina dinasty until 1579 AD. Same history was for the Duchy of Brabant instituted in 1183 AD and ruled by Hainaut-Lovanio family then passed to D'Avesnes and Valois-Burgundy dinasty dinasties, while the Duchy of Gheldria founded in 1339 AD and enfeoffed to the Wassemberg dinasty, passed in the hands of various rulers whose last had been the emperor Charles V, who in 1549 AD joined it to the Netherlands Provinces (ruled by the Habsburg-Leopoldina dinasty) together with the "Free towns" of the Empire of Utrecht and Groninga (instituted since the XI century AD).


The history of Netherlands changed with the Revolution of "the Seven United Provinces" (all the fiefs of Frisia, Holland&Zeeland, Brabant, Gheldria and free towns Utrecht and Groninga) in 1579 AD leaded by Willhelm "staatholder" of Nassau-Orange dinasty who could get the independence of the country in 1648 AD: with the Treaty of Westfalia the European powers recognized the Kingdom of Netherlands ruled by the Nassau-Dillenburg and succeeding branch of Nassau-Dietz dinasties until today!


Netherlands today is administered by historical provinces (Groningen, Friesland, Drenthe, Ghelderland, Utrecht, Northern Holland, Southern Holland, Zeeland, Brabant, Limburg, Overijssel and Ijsselmeer polder) with capital in Amsterdam and the biggest cities of Utrecht, The Hague (that host the seat of the International Court of Justice, of the International Criminal Court, of the Eurojust and Europol) and Rotterdam, the principal European port for maritime trading.





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