1492 A.D.

1492 A.D. has been selected by Roberto Amati in relation to the real history of european integration, then enlisted in the People, Dates, Places and Events category, accompanied by own fact SHEET useful to the comprehension, completed of historical MAPS AND IMAGES or with a direct linking to the related Blog contents dedicated to the entire history of european integration and the future of Europe.

1492 A.D. is one of the most important date in the history of european integration and will probably have influence on the future of United europe, because is considered the conventional end of the Middle Age and the beginning point of the modern epoch of nowadays. This shared consideration depends on some fundamental events happenened in that year.

The first had been on 2nd January, was the conquest of Granada by the Catholic Monarchs: it signed the end of the Reconquista and the complete formation of the state of Spain, a chistian kingdom under rule of the Castiglia-Trastamara dinasty, especially after the massive expulsion of those Muslims and Hebrews (sefardis priests, Kohen) who did not accept the conversion. Since then there has been no more presence of Islam nor Jewish communities in Western Europe, all migrated to the Eastern side until the end of the First world war

On 23rd January had been printed the first edition of the Pentateuco book thanks to the revolution of the "mobile characters" invented by the netherlandese Gutemberg, already used to print the Bible: it reprensented the beginning of a new era of the humankind life as well as for literature all around the world. It was a main turning point of history of european integration because the religious ideas spreaded free, not interpreted anymore by priests or rabbis so that just some decades after exploded the Protest

On 8th April Lorenzo "the marvellous" of Medici dinasty died: he had been the guarantor of the Peace of Lodi and of the politic regime balance in Italy among the greatest feudal families of Savoia, Sforza, Gonzaga, Medici, Estensi and Farnese: decades after they allied to the emperor Charle V and the Roman Catholic Church against France to design the new political order endured until the definitive unification of Italy state. Lorenzo had been a superior politician and clever diplomatic in Florence, that under his ruling became the centre of Renaissance culture and the European artistic movement hosting the main painters and scultors of history as Leonardo, Raffaello and Michelangelo.

On 7th June King Casimire "the great" of Jagellone dinasty died after having transformed the Crown of Poland-Lithuania in a great European power and modernized the Poland state to the royal-political-civil models of the european christian tradition. He passed the sceptre to his numerous sons who will rule the whole Eastern Europe area until the Baltic region and Transylvania, representing for decades a strong insurmontable bulwark to Turkish march on European mainland culminated with the Siege of Wien in 1529 A.D.

On 11th August had been elected Pope Alejandro VI of Borja family: there started the epic of the spain family that tried to rejoin all the Italian penisula under the egida of the Roman Church, among scandals omicides and cunnings of any king, in particular with the militar and political action of his son Cesare, who inspired Machiavelli in writing the famous book "il Principe", and his daughter Lucrezia, one of the most beautiful and beloved women od the history of european integration.

In the end, on 12nd October Cristopher Columbus discovered the America continent, when landed on the San Salvador isle at Bahamas so open the european knowledges to the western "new world" (even if he was convincted to have reached Asia sailing toward West). This event proved a deep change of the trading, colonialial and social-economic policies of the greatest european States that are still effective nowadays!

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