NAPLES UNIVERSITY

Naples University has been selected by Roberto Amati in relation to the real history of european integration, then enlisted in the UNIVERSITAS category, accompanied by own fact SHEET useful to the comprehension, completed of historical MAPS AND IMAGES or with a direct linking to the related Blog contents dedicated to the aeternitas and the future of Europe.

	FOUNDATION
Year	1224 A.D.
City	Naples
Founder	Emperor Frederick II
Where	Regnum Sicily
Originary subjects	'artes' (7 disciplines) of dialectic , phylosophy , grammar , law , medicine , rhetoric , theology

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	NOWADAYS
State	Italy
Name	University of Naples (Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II')
Seates	Naples
Degree programs	any disciplines of Sciences and Humanistic Studies
Library	YES internal
Collegium	NO
Alumni
Famous teachers	Andrea da Isernia , St. Thomas Aquinas , Paride Dal Pozzo , Marino Freccia , Scipione Rovito , Giambattista Vico , Leonardo Bianchi , Nicola Fusco , Antonio Genovesi , Ferdinando Galiani , Ettore Majorana , Giuseppe Mercalli , Alessandro Piccolo
Famous scholars	St. Thomas Aquinas , Giordano Bruno , Gaetano Filangieri , Umberto Nobile , Benedetto Croce , Enrico De Nicola , Giovanni Leone , Luca Parmitano , Nicola Romeo
Awards	2 Academy Awards

Established in 1224 A.D. and named after its founder, the Emperor of Reich Frederick II, Naples University is the oldest public, secular, non-sectarian or state-funded university in the world, and one of the world's ten oldest universities in continuous operation. It was Europe's first 'university' dedicated to training secular administrative staff (not an ancient traditional greek-roman Schola as the academies of Constantinople, Aachen and Parma). The centuries-old history of the Studium Napoli (which since 1992 A.D. has been appropriately named after the Swabian-Norman emperor born in and lived in Italy as king of Sicily) finds a formidable and poignant synthesis in the inscription that stands out on the pediment of its headquarters on Corso Umberto I in Naples: "Ad scientiarum haustum et seminarium doctrinarum".

Emperor Frederick II began the 'Licterae generales' (or manifesto) addressing the Reich Empire and the whole world to announce the establishment of the Naples University with these words: "In regnum nostrum desideramus multos prudentes et providos fieri per scientiarum haustum et seminarium doctrinarum" (meaning "in our kingdom we desire that many be made wise and shrewd by drawing from the fountain of the sciences and the nursery of the sciences."): words that invited all students to come to Naples, the world's first state university because it was founded by a secular public authority, in particular to the youth of southern Italy as an opportunity to study close to home (at that epoch the only universities working were in northern Europe). The great innovation was that in Naples University the professors were paid by the Emperor and the students were protected and safeguarded, so much that deserving ones could enjoy honor loans or scholarships and the best housing was made available to them at predetermined prices. But the revolution was that for the first time in the history of european integration, the principle declared that through study a citizen could acquire true nobility, which is not that which descends from blood and family lineage, but that of the spirit, then throughout study he could attain ever higher and more rewarding social roles and professional positions.

The Licterae generales invited all students to come to Naples University before September 29th (the feast of St. Michael), the date became canonical for the beginning of the academic years. The founding letter has a complex textual tradition: together with 3 other letters on university subjects, it has been transmitted mainly from the widespread collection of letters attributed to Pier della Vigna, who was one of the most important men of letters of the time and a kind of prime minister of the Emperor. This means the epistle was turned into a model for the teachings of the ars dictaminis of refined rhetoric and high literature. Moreover, if the Emperor Frederick I 'Barbarossa' celebrated the self-sacrifice of those who had made themselves exiles and poor "for the sake of science", exposing their lives to dangers of all kinds, his insisted on security and comfort and tickled the students ambitions with concrete promises of benefits, such as riches and nobility, actuating a precise political and cultural revolutionary strategy focused on the opportunity to have at his disposal a large number of people endowed with high legal culture, so necessary for the administration of the state which in those years he was organizing in an increasingly centralized manner (Constitutio Melfitane).

Since its founding, Naples University has taken part in 4 main historical phases: in each period we can identify specific traits of the atheneum at that time and some of its main exponents, always actively participated by spreading culture, evolving with the thoughts of the time and bringing new perspectives. In the beginning, the role of Pietro della Vigna, an important jurist, politician and poet, as well as the emperor's right-hand man and author of the organization of the Regnum Sicily's judicial system, was central in the creation and organization of the Studium in order with the king draw inspiration modeling the structure of the artes, or the '7 disciplines' of the rhetorical-literary and philosophical spheres, such as grammar, dialectic, rhetoric and theology. These disciplines were considered the basis of the humanistic education of the time, and were based on knowledge of classical authors and the practice of the art of speech (elocutio). Later, they moved on to the teaching of professional disciplines, such as law, medicine and theology: this type of organization of knowledge, strongly influenced by Aristotelian philosophy, formed a solid basis for the training of scholars and professionals in the kingdom. Frederick II and Pier delle Vigne also gave great impetus to scientific research and cultural production at the time with their patronage policies, invinting many intellectuals and scientists to work at the imperial court, creating a lively and stimulating cultural environment.

The presence of these intellectuals, as the philosopher and theolog St. Thomas Aquinas already professor at Paris, Oxford and Cologne, made it possible to promote knowledge and the development of culture throughout the Kingdom in next centuries: the Neapolitan legal school emerged between XIV and XVI centuris, within the Regna Naples, while under the rule of the Spanish Viceroyalty Naples University continued to play a leading role in the culture and education of southern Italy, thanks to the teaching of its best known exponents like Paride Dal Pozzo, Marino Freccia and Scipione Rovito, who contributed to the formation of a distinctive legal tradition of the ancient Roman law. Neapolitan scholars focused particularly on the theory of contracts, property and obligations, adapting the ancient civil right to the needs of the modern commercial society, having a significant influence on European legal thought and contributed to the formation of modern law. Over the centuries, the Law Department of the University of Naples has undergone numerous transformations and reorganizations, but it has always maintained its reputation as a center of excellence in law research and teaching: today it is one of the most important in Italy, with a wide range of undergraduate, master's and doctoral programs, and its department is distinguished by focus on high-level research and collaboration with academic and research institutions around the world.

In the 18th century, Naples University was the center of major cultural and economic transformations that swept through the Kingdom of Naples. That period was marked by the Enlightenment, a philosophical current that emphasized the importance of reason and science, as well as the economic reorganization of the kingdom ruled by Bourbon dinasty: it played a leading role in spreading the new european thought in southern Italy, thanks to the presence of eminent scholars such as Gianbattista Vico, Antonio Genovesi and Ferdinando Galiani, who brought innovative ideas on social sciences, political economy and philosophy of law. Things changed when Naples was united to the Kingdom of Italy ruled by Savoia dinasty and again in the contemporary age within the Italy Republic established after the Second World War: then Naples University was renamed Università degli Studi di Napoli (Parthenope) presenting itself as a constantly evolving reality, capable of combining tradition and innovation in an increasingly interdisciplinary vision of knowledge. In particular, spreading the new technologies enabled the university to expand its research and develop new methods of learning and research, attracting investments in infrastructure and advanced technologies that led to the creation of state-of-the-art research laboratories, which enable students and researchers to conduct high-level studies in numerous fields, from engineering to medicine, and from biology to physics. Nowadays Naples University is also engaged in interdisciplinary collaborative activities through the involvement of researchers and students from different disciplines in joint projects, an approach that makes it possible to address major contemporary challenges, such as environmental sustainability, health and well-being, technological innovation and social justice. The Federico II Naples University also stands out for its internationality, promoting student and researcher exchanges with universities around the world and hosting world-class conferences and symposia: in this way, the Neapolitan atheneum contributes to the creation of an international academic community capable of meeting the great challenges of the global era.

The University of Naples Federico II has over 2,000 agreements with foreign universities in Europe, Americas, Asia and Africa: the University Language Center promotes interculturality and contributes to the development of multilingualism, offering its services to students enrolled at the Federician university as well as to doctoral students and trainees, full professors and researchers, T.A. and auxiliary. The EFSA (European for Food safety Agency) is an organ of European Union that gives to political decisors scientific reports on the food risks and has established its seat in Naples within the university administration. Even the GENOMED Project is a research programme on preditctive medicine customized for a developed surveillance in the wade Health Operative Plan mastered by the Naples University, within the institution known as Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II (Federico II University Hospital), colloquially referred to as the Naples Polyclinic, an integral component of the atheneum: established in 1972 A.D., it operates as a polyclinic and hospital complex that serves both public healthcare needs and functions as a site for university teaching, indeed, the teaching facilities of the School of Medicine and Surgery of the Federician University are housed within this establishment.

The Museum Center of Natural and Physical Sciences was established in 1992 A.D. while the Museum Center 'Museums of Agricultural Sciences', situated at the Royal Palace of Portici, was established in XXI century as well as the Museum of Veterinary Anatomy, located within a wing of the Santa Maria degli Angeli alle Croci complex. The university's sports activities are managed by CUS Napoli, the multi-sports center of the Neapolitan universities, established since 1945 A.D..

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The history of Naples University is strictly related to another southern studium within the Regnum Sicily: when Frederick II chosed Naples, ancient capital of a Byzantine theme in competition with the Lombard Salerno Principality that was hosting a medicine school, was to peace that civitas after the annexation to the Normans regnum whose capital was in Palermo. The Università degli Studi di Salerno was founded in 1178 A.D. as Scuola medica salernitana but already operative since VIII century A.D. under the lombards duchies protection. At the Salerno school teached men without any literate cultural base but provided of a great practical experience trasmitted verbally for long time, however their fame was high to transform the medical school in an european excellence centre where run students from all the Mediterranean Sea region of every nationality and culture. There was born the legend of its origin, narrowing the meeting in a tempestous night between the greek peregrin Pontus, the latino Salernus, the hebrew Helinus e the arab Abdela who, meantime exchanged their knowledges about medical the art, gave birth to an association destined to educate the greatest medics of Middle Age by merging the secrets of the main contemporary cultures.

At the Studium Salernum were teached phylosophy, theology and law too, but only with the establishment of the lombars principality it started to educate and graduate medics, so joining the ancient greek-roman age to the contemporary epoch. Once obtained the first juridical recognition within the Costitution of Melfi (1231 A.D.) and the qualification of Studium at the time of the Emperor Konrad II, the medical school of Salerno received its first statute by Charles of Angioini king of Naples in 1280 A.D.. The history of the Università di Salerno followed the destiny of that regna until 1811 A.D. when Gioacchino Murat reorganized the public istruction and closed it, transforming in 'Real Liceo' depending on Naples University. With the annexation to the Kingdom of Italy, the Studium Salernitanum was definitely suppressed and its Convicto became the Liceo-Ginnasio 'Torquato Tasso'. Only in 1944 A.D. it was founded the Istituto universitario di Magistero in Salerno, became statal 25 years later and transformed in Faculty of Magistero at the Università degli Studi di Salerno, that in few years was added of numerous others that contributed to the formation of an important actual universitary pole. In years following the new University of Salerno opened new seats in Fisciano, Baronissi and Avellino, a journalism school and the Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria 'San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, the new Scuola Medica Salernitana' (renewed medical school). In every seats are present Campus, service for students and sports activities coordinated by the CUS Salerno, while the whole atheneum is provided of a system of libraries spreaded all around the Province of Salerno, all administered by the Centro bibliotecario di ateneo (CBA) articled in humanist and scientific poles.

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