THE EU TREATIES

EU treaties has been selected by Roberto Amati in relation to the real history of european integration, then enlisted in the People, Dates, Places and Events category, accompanied by own fact SHEET useful to the comprehension, completed of historical MAPS AND IMAGES or with a direct linking to the related Blog contents dedicated to the entire history of european integration and the future of Europe.

The EU treaties are one of the most important events in whole history of european integration and will probably have influence on the future of United Europe, a sixty years long series of juridical facts that defined the process of european integration and poned the basis for actual European Union organization of the European states mostly founded after the First World War.

Since 1952 A.D. started the series of treaties open to the states interested in adhere to European Union and adopt its legislation. The Adhesion Treatis contain the "communitaire right" (treaties, laws, acts, sentences) called aquis communitaire, a mix of international right, deals among parities parties and EU legislation, referring to all the treaties and conventions in force since the Westfalia Peace, with the possibility of recourring to the EU Court of Justice of Hague for disputes and doubts. That project was coherent with the "new order" plain defined and started in 1945 A.D. within the United Nations system.

Everything began on 9th May 1950 A.D. (became "the celebration day of European Union") when the foreign affair minister of France, R.Schuman, wrote to his german colleague to share the production of coal and steel (especially from the Ruhr and Saar regions, that had been contended for centuries by the two states) under a common authority inserted in a organization framework open to all others European states. As direct consequence, on 18th april 1951 A.D., six countries signed the treaty of Paris to found the European Community of coal and steel in force from july 1952 for 50 years. The same states (France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) decided to enlarge the project and on 25th March 1957 A.D. dealed the "Rome Treaties" to establish the European Communities for the athomic energy and for the economic common market. That had been the first step of the process of european integration.

The process continued on 30th July 1962 A.D. when took effect the European Economic Community (EEC) regulation on the common policy for agriculture (known with the acronym "PAC"), still existing as field of exclusive competence of the European Union Commission, while on 8th april 1965 A.D. the adherent states agreed to join the executive Council and Commission of the 3 communities in one seated in Bruxelles, starting from July 1967 A.D. and still operative today. Then, in 1972 A.D. Denmark, Eire and United Kingdom undersigned the European Union adhesion treaties, while the six "founding countries" established the "monetary snake" for a unique coin.

After that, on 9-10 december 1074 A.D. the heads of member states decided to meet in the Council three times a year and defined the rules for the European Parliament (PE) elections, meantime on 28th February 1975 A.D. the states signed a treaty to extend its powers in matter of balance. On 6-7 July 1978 A.D. France and Germany purposed to enhance the monetary integration by forming a common european system (EMS), to go over the snake entered in force in 1979 A.D. while on June there have been the first election of the Parliament for 410 members representing the 9 states members.

A new step in the process of european integration had been the adhesion on 1st January 1986 A.D. of Spain and Portugal in addiction to Greece, already entered in 1981 A.D.. On February of the same year the members states signed in Luxembourg and Hague the "European Unique Act" to give new impulse to the european integration. Then on June 1987 A.D. it started the "Erasmus programme" dedicated to student willing to study for 6 mounths in a university of the 12 member states, a program still in force nowadays!

On 19th June 1990 A.D. was signed the "Schengen deal" that definitely cancelled any borders between the the member states, to accelerate the process of european integration after the fall of the Berlin wall and the ending of the "Cold War", just before the rejoining of Germany (3rd october). Then on 9-10 december 1991 A.D. the 12 member states dealed the EU treaty of Maastricht, that poned the basis for a common european foreign policy and militar security, for a better cooperation in the justice and internal affairs and for economic and monetary union ("3 peers"): it has been the birth date of the European Union as legal prosecution of EEC, that changed name in "European Community" (EC). Finally, in 1995 A.D. Austria, Finland and Sweden entered the EU and the unic european market.

The 15 member states signed on 2th October 1987 A.D. the Amsterdam Treaty that gave more competences and powers to European Union (in particular to the Commission), while on 3rd May 1998 A.D. 11 states decided in the Council that were able to adopt the unique coin "Euro", became the official EU value on following January and exchanged in the international markets, under the monetary policy of the European Central Bank (ECB) seated in Frankfurt as joining chief council of the relative central banks.

In conclusion, on 26th February 2001 A.D. the 15 member states signed the Nice Treaty on "human rights" for EU citizens and protected by the European Court of Human Rights (ECG) seated in Strasbourg, while on 1st January 2002 A.D. the Euro coin entered in force as official counting value for EU and its member states in the international trades. On 16th April 2003 A.D. in Athens have been signed the adesion treaties for 10 counties (Cyprus, Malta, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia), that became member on 1st May 2004 (but could adopted the Euro coin only after), followed on 25th April 2005 by the new member of Bulgaria and Romania subscription, happened on January 2007 to reach the 27 members. On 23th july 2007 started the International Court of Justice (within the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union of Lisbon), to adopt the reform treaty of EU that changed some procedures and the article numerations. In the end, on January 2013 A.D. Croatia became the last new member state of EU, while on January 2019 A.D. the United Kingdom agreed with the EU institutions the definitive exit from the organizations ("Brexit").

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