JULIUS CAESAR

Julius Caesar has been selected by Roberto Amati in relation to the real history of european integration, then enlisted in the People, Dates, Places and Events category, accompanied by own fact SHEET useful to the comprehension, completed of historical MAPS AND IMAGES or with a direct linking to the related Blog contents dedicated to the entire history of european integration and the future of Europe.

Julius Caesar is one of the most important people in the history of european integration and will probably have influence on the future of United europe, because changed forever the essence of Rome and Europe by starting the process of european integration as a "superior mission", so leaving his name as symbol of courage, high vision and clever determination continously imitated by the most important european politicians like Charlemagne or Napoleon I.

Julius Caesar was born in the popular quarter of Suburra in Rome in 100 B.C. as member of the patricious family GensJulia and son of the aristocratic Aurelia Cotta, married to Calpurnia of the Pisoni family let their daughter Julia join to his rival/friend Pompey (without sons) but had an illigitimate son with Cleopatra last queen of Egypt, disappeared when the mother died. His sister Julia had progeny in the nepews Augustus and Octavia who formed the first imperial dinasty of the Roman Empire ended with Nero: Julius Caesar chose secretely Augustus as heir and adopted son with a famous testament that changed the history of Rome, as closer and unique male relative of the family after that his "elected" Marcus Junius Brutus had betroyed him and became political rival and finally one of his murders. In 69 B.C. Julius Caesar had proclamed his divine ascendance from Venus God as his whole gens, directly descending from the ancient troyan hero Aeneas ancestor of the ancient latin kings. So at his burial, Augustus took his name as universal heir of the family and made him declared divus (alias saint or god) by the Senatus and added him to the roman gods Pantheon: after that the roman calendar already modified by Julius Caesar ("julian calendar") was integrated with the new month of July in his honour.

Who was Julius Caesar? A roman politician who had followed the steps defined by the respublica romana (cursus honorem) to get the power and obtain the assignement of conquest the Gallie region (approximately the actual France state), narrowing his venture in a diary ("De Bello gallico") became a fundamental of the universal literature still studied nowadays in the military schools. Having hugely enlarged the limes of Rome up to the Rhin river (at that point the whole Western Europe was under Rome dominion), adding it to the conquests during the roman civil wars in the Iberian peninsula, in the Balcans and in Middle East, asked Senatus for the maximum power and when refused Julius Caesar started the second triumvirate war against Pompey (with the legendary passage of the Rubicon river, the political hedge of Rome), in continuity with the fights between Plebeians e Patricious began decades before and definitely ended in 27 B.C. by Augustus.

The final political goal of Julius Caesar had always been the unification and "romanization" of the immense increasing dominions of Rome, a typical vision of the universal empire inherited by Alexander the great needed to resize the conservative and strong provileges of the senatorial class, as his enlargement of the roman citizenship witnesses (imitated centuries after by Caracalla). In this respect, Julius Caesar became iconic of the absolute political power concentrated in one man invested of a superior mission for the commonwealth of Romans people, especially when he got the designation of perpetuum consules to add at the other titles of imperator and pontifex maximus. Then his public role provided of "effective" militar and political power made him the symbol of state leader imitated centuries after in the Tetrachy regime and successively with the title of Czar and Kaiser (translation of Caesar in russian and german languages), representing the "caesarism" regime typical of the Byzantine Empire in the image of the ellenistic Monarch typicized by Alexander.

At that point it happened the tragedy of Julius Caesar at the Ides of March in 43 B.C. when the senatorial lobby killed him in the Curia palace, so creating a legend reminded since nowadays in particular by the opera "Julius caesar" of Shakespeare. How did Julius Caesar died? The legend narrow of 33 stabs by the senators conspirator among who there was his predilected Marcus Junius Brutus: when the dictator recognized him told the famous words "Tu quoque, Brutus fili mi!" and died covering his face with the senatorial tunic in front of the bust of Pompey in the Senatus palace. That event changed forever the history of european integration and delivered Julius Caesar to the world History: he became famous even in Eastern, where many towns were founded on his honour (as Cesarea Maritima, capital of the Palestine roman province, and Nicaea/NeoCesarea, famous for the most important Chistianity council of ever), so that the same Jesus mentioned him in the famous sentence "render unto Caesar what is Caesar's and unto God what is God's!". After his dead Julius Caesar was remembered in the celtic literature when his sword became the "magic Excalibur" of King Arthur as symbolic passage of power and mission...

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