27 B.C.

27 B.C. has been selected by Roberto Amati in relation to the real history of european integration, then enlisted in the People, Dates, Places and Events category, accompanied by own fact SHEET useful to the comprehension, completed of historical MAPS AND IMAGES or with a direct linking to the related Blog contents dedicated to the entire history of european integration and the future of Europe.

27 B.C. is one of the most important date in the history of european integration and will probably have influence on the future of United europe, because defined the passage to a new epoch of the millennial aeternitas of Rome that inevitably had direct consequences on following ages, on the present and on the future of United Europe.

What happened in 27 B.C.? On 13th January Augustus instituited the Principade in the Curia palace of the Senatus: an innovative political-juridical regime for the respublica romana, an authoritarian govern with the Princeps at the centre of the system in a prominent position regarding any other power (Summa Potestas). In part it was the direct evolution of the situation created by Julius Caesar and his murder right into the Curia palace in 43 B.C., in part the result of the last triumvirate war against Mark Antony and his last wife Cleopatra (last queen of Egypt): indeed, Augustus joined in his hand the supreme military command in the Imperium, the personal political leadership in the Senatus (Primus inter Pares in Auctoritas) and the religious role of medium with Gods (Pontifex Maximus), while he represented the guarantor of the state union.

As head of the "caesarist" party and unique heir of the dictator treasure, Augustus could practice a strong "real power" over any other of political roman men, even cause of his divine ascendance and sanctified person blessed by Gods (that was the original sense of the latin term "augustus"), something similar to the image defined by Alexander "the great" after the conquest of the absolute power among Greeks. Besides all this objective situation he pretended the approval by the Senatus of the Tribunicia potestas for him, his sister Octavia and his wife Livia Drusilla, a prerogative of the Popular people even if they were aristocratic members of divine ancient gens, so to ensure sacrality and inviolability to their person: the recent tragic facts of Caesar and of thousands of Patricious Romans killed during the civil wars begun with the revolt of the Plebeians had teached the lesson... In the end, only Augustus was granted of the power to decide for peace and war in the roman state ("Ius belli ac pacis" and "Ius in bellum").

When Augustus was invested by Senatus of the title Imperator Caesar Augustus, he became the new Monarch of Rome even if the republic govern form was saved as well as the prerogatives and dignity of the aristocratic gens and of the traditional republican magistracies (it had been the offical title of all crowned heads of Roman Empire and Reich Empire until the end of the firstworldwar). So the Res Publica survived as joining element for all the aeternitas and as community of all the free citizens of Italiae province, everyone underponed to the Lex Romana and the ancient traditional mores of Rome (Mos maiorum). Starting from 27 B.C. Rome became an accentrated system of powers that transformed the ancient Urbs in the centre of the "known world" (Roma caput mundi): the Principade had been imitated many times along the whole history of european integration, in the dynastic kingdoms founded in XIII century A.D. in England, Spain and France (by exploiting the theory of "Corpus Mysticum" though by Thomas Aquinas), even by the Russians christian states and the medieval Principades of Septimania, of the Asturies, of the "Deutsche Orden", until nowadays by the Principades of Luxembourg, Liechenstein and Monaco.

In conclusion, in 27 B.C. Augustus designed the specific political regime of the Princeps Primus Cives Civitates who assumed on his ficta personality the responsability for all roman citizens (something that had enormous consequences centuries after when Caracalla conceded the universal citizenship), in supreme Auctoritas sanctioned by Senatus and Populus of Rome (S.P.Q.R.): this burocratic juridic formule had continuity with the Princeps superiorem figure of the Basileius head of the Byzantine Empire since VII century A.D. and had been used in 800 A.D. to crown the new christian roman empire Charlemagne. The Princeps became one of the aeternitas elisted in the Codex, chose because "the most worth" and acclamated by the Populus, adpoted by the living Imperator as his established successor in the Res Publica according to law and with the Statum Roma divus accordance: it had been the history of european integration until today!!!

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