HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY

Heidelberg University has been selected by Roberto Amati in relation to the real history of european integration, then enlisted in the UNIVERSITAS category, accompanied by own fact SHEET useful to the comprehension, completed of historical MAPS AND IMAGES or with a direct linking to the related Blog contents dedicated to the aeternitas and the future of Europe.

	FOUNDATION
Year	1386 A.D.
City	Heidelberg
Founder	Count Elector of Rhin-Palatinate Rupert I
Where	Electorate Rhin-Palatinate (Reich Empire)
Originary subjects	jurisprudence , medicine , philosophy , theology

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	NOWADAYS
State	Germany
Name	University of Heidelberg (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg)
Seates	Heidelberg , New York , Tokyo , Santiago de Chile , New Delhi
Degree programs	13 faculties of every disciplines in Science and Humanity Studies (State examination seat for Medicine, Law, Pharmacy)
Library	Heidelberg University Library (digital)
Collegium	NO
Alumni	HAI network
Famous teachers	Pope Pius II , Marsilius of Inghen , Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , Dmitri Mendeleev , Hermann von Helmholtz , Georgine Sexauer , Robert Wilhelm Bunsen , Gustav Robert Kirchhoff , Emil Kraepelin , Max Weber , Arnold J. Toynbee , Hannah Arendt , Jürgen Habermas , Bert Sakmann , Harald zur Hausen , Stefan Hell
Famous scholars	Martin Bucero , Philipp Melanchthon , Dmitri Mendeleev , Robert Schumann , Charles Albert Gobat , Auguste Beernaert , Robert Wilhelm Bunsen , Hermann Helmholtz , Wilhelm Wundt , J. Willard Gibbs , Talcott Parsons , Helmut Kohl
Awards	11 Nobel prizes

Heidelberg University is among the oldest of Europe: in 1385 A.D. Pope Urban VI approved the founding of it by Rupert I Elector of Rhin-Palatinate. Instruction began a year later in 3 faculties: theology, jurisprudence and philosophy. Medicine followed 2 years later under the first rector Marsilius von Inghen of the Netherlands, while the first professors came from Paris and Prague. The Golden Age of the school came when assumed power the Elector Palatine Otto Henry, who in 1556 A.D. converted the Heidelberg University into a reformed protestant and 2 years leater opened this estimated centre of the European sciences and culture to an international appeal for professors and students from all over Europe.

Unfortunately, this university was hitten hard by the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648): teaching had been suspended several times and in 1623 A.D. the Bibliotheca Palatina, one of the most valuable collections of German manuscripts of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age, was carted to Rome in reparation for the war. The atheneum reopened only in 1652 A.D. when a decline period followed during the Palatine War of Succession (1688-1697) and the Heidelberg University was completely destroyed by the troops of Louis XIV king of France, causing its clousure until 1703 A.D.. Finally, some years later started the re-building of the new university (today's Old University).

In 1803 A.D. the university was acquired by the Great Duchy of Baden and reorganised as a state-financed academy, following an edict of Charles Frederick Duke of Baden, and named 'Ruperto Carola'. As a cosmopolitan and liberal university, Heidelberg enjoyed its second golden age during the 19th century through the work of Robert Bunsen, Gustav Kirchhoff and Hermann Helmholtz, the natural sciences in particular reach a zenith. Around the turn of the century, the Baden state government permitted women to enter the university for the first time and in 1900 A.D. and Georgine Sexauer from Karlsruhe has been the first female student to enter her name in the Matriculation Register of Ruperto Carola, while 23 years later Gertrud von Ubisch had been the first woman in receiving a professorship in Heidelberg.

With the rise to power of the National Socialists, 59 of 214 Heidelberg academics were expelled and disenfranchised for 'racial' or 'political' reasons, while the sculpture of Athena and the inscription 'Dem lebendigen Geist' (To the Living Spirit) were removed from above the portal of the atheneum in 1936 A.D., replaced with an oversized eagle and the words 'Dem deutschen Geist' (To the German Spirit). After the end of the Second World War, instruction resumed gradually: the first rector of the post-war period was the surgeon Karl Heinrich Bauer and the Heidelberg University began to spread out over 3 campuses in the Old Town (humanities), in Bergheim (medicine) and in Neuenheimer Feld (natural sciences, medicine).

The period of universitarians protests is characterised by increasing student numbers and a progressive differentiation of disciplines: after the student riots, the university was given a new basic order in 1969 A.D. and its 5 faculties were temporarily divided into 16 so the Heidelberg University succeeds in enhancing its outstanding reputation and the related attractiveness for international students, doctoral candidates and researchers. At the point in 2002 A.D. there have been the opening of the Heidelberg Center Latin America in Santiago de Chile, the first of centres abroad of Ruperto Carola in South Asia, North and Latin America, and Japan. Heidelberg University received funding for its institutional strategy 'Heidelberg: Realising the Potential of a Comprehensive University', helpful for creating 2 Clusters of Excellence and 3 graduate schools. In 2010 A.D. the university celebrated its 625th anniversary true to its motto 'Zukunft. Seit 1386' (The Future. Since 1386). With its institutional strategy 'The Comprehensive Research University – Heidelberg: The Future since 1386' and its 2 Clusters of Excellence, the Heidelberg University holds its own in the Excellence Strategy of the Federal and State Governments and is one of the group of 10 Universities of Excellence and an Excellence Alliance in Germany to receive funding from 2019 A.D. and 2 years later the Faculty of Engineering Sciences was founded as the university’s 13 faculty.

At the end of its long history, Heidelberg University (known as Ruperto Carola) has became one of the strongest research universities in Europe and has experienced many ups and downs in connection with its scientific reputation, its intellectual charisma and its attractiveness to professors and students. While in the 16th century Heidelberg evolved into a centre of humanism, in 1519 A.D. it gained a special reputation as a Calvinist stronghold and 'the Heidelberg Catechism' written among its walls remains a fundamental confessional for the Reformed Church still today. During the 19th century, Heidelberg University was widely celebrated for its liberality, commitment to democratic ideals, and openness to new ideas resulting from this, the high reputation of the university attracted a large number of foreign students. Besides several federal ministers of Germany and prime ministers of German states, 5 chancellors of Germany have attended the university, the latest is Helmut Kohl, the 'Chancellor of the Reunification'. Also heads of state or government of Belgium, Bulgaria, Greece, Nicaragua, Serbia, Thailand, a British heir apparent, a secretary general of O.N.A.T. and a director of the International Peace Bureau have also been educated at Heidelberg. Former university affiliates in the field of religion include Pope Pius II, cardinals, bishops, and with Philipp Melanchthon and Zacharias Ursinus, 2 key leaders of the Protestant Reformation.

The success of Heidelberg University in the Excellence Competitions and in the international rankings are evidence of its leading role on the academic scene. In particular the project partnership with the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology called HEiKA is considered strategic by the management. Since from its foundation, the Academy of Heidelberg has International relations with many universities: the Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest; the Saint Petersburg State University of Russia; the Jagiellonian University of Krakow; the Charles University of Czech Republic in Prague; the University of Copenhagen; the Statal University of Milan; the University of Montpellier; the University of Cambridge; Harvard University (USA); the Pontifical Catholic University of Santiago de Chile; several academies in Japan, China, India, Brazil, Chile, Australia, etc. The Heidelberg University is considered among the best 50 schools of the world by the most important rankings societies.

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