UPPSALA UNIVERSITY

uppsala University has been selected by Roberto Amati in relation to the real history of european integration, then enlisted in the UNIVERSITAS category, accompanied by own fact SHEET useful to the comprehension, completed of historical MAPS AND IMAGES or with a direct linking to the related Blog contents dedicated to the aeternitas and the future of Europe.

	FOUNDATION
Year	1477 A.D.
City	Uppsala
Founder	Jakob Ulvsson
Where	Kingdom Sweden (Kalmar League)
Originary subjects	law , philosophy , theology

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	NOWADAYS
State	Sweden
Name	University of Uppsala (Uppsala Univesitet)
Seates	Uppsala , Visby , Gotland
Degree programs	Arts , Social Sciences , Languages , Theology , Law (Juridiska fakulteten) , Educational Sciences
Library	Uppsala University Library
Collegium	NO
Alumni	Uppsala University Alumni Network
Famous teachers	Carl Linnaeus , Nils Rosén , Jacob Faggot , Gerd Enequist , Arne Beurling , Torgny Segerstedt , Per Daniel Amadeus Atterbom , Erik Gustaf Geijer , Finn Malmgren , Svante Pääbo , Kai Siegbahn , Dag Hammarskjöld , Arne Tiselius , Nathan Söderblom , The Svedberg , Manne Siegbahn , Allvar Gullstrand
Famous scholars	Anders Celsius , Olle Johansson , Carl Michael Bellman , Maria Strömme , Lydia Wahlström
Awards	8 Nobel Prizes

Uppsala University is the oldest Northern university and among the oldest of Europe, as it was founded in 1477 A.D.. Initially, the teaching mainly consisted of lectures in philosophy, law and theology, but its activities had been suspended in 1515 A.D. to restart at the end of the XVI century: from that point on, it grew and broadened its range of subjects, thanks to the major donations made by King Gustaf II Adolf in 1620 A.D. that gave impetus and the number of students increased sharply. Anyone wanted to start a university in Sweden in late Middle Age needed a written authorisation from the Pope with a papal bull: so, Jakob Ulvsson took the initiative to apply and Pope Sixtus IV gave his permission, making possible Education at the Uppsala University to begin and Sweden’s first student having his studies.

When the first student nations were established in early 17th century, they were illegal: it took several decades for Uppsala University’s governing board (the Consistorium) to legalise this aspect: it happened only in 1663 A.D., ever since the nations have been a natural meeting point for students and a key factor of student life in Uppsala. In fact, in 1893 A.D. Uppsala University celebrated the 300th anniversary of the Uppsala Meeting: at the first held in 1593 A.D. the Church of Sweden took the final steps in breaking away from the Catholic Church, and also relaunched the universitas after it had been dormant for decades. In connection with the trecentenary celebration, the University of Uppsala bestowed an honorary doctorate on Alfred Nobel. All students who take a doctoral degree are invited to a solemn ceremony in the University Main Building, known as the Doctoral Degree Conferment Ceremony: in the ceremonial conferment act in the Grand Auditorium, the new PhDs receive their symbols of honour, a hat or laurel wreath and a diploma. Reflecting the University’s long history, some parts of the ceremony are in Latin.

In 2012 A.D. the Riksdag decided to merge Uppsala University and Gotland University College, that the following year became the now called Campus Gotland. The Uppsala Academic Hospital (Akademiska sjukhuset), which functions as a teaching hospital for the Faculty of Medicine and the Nursing School, is run by the Uppsala County Council in cooperation with the atheneum: this hospital is actually older than the university, as it goes back to the earliest founded in Uppsala in 1302 A.D. and much later merged with the university clinic. This had been used for 400 years until the great fire of 1702 A.D. which destroyed large parts of central city: so a new hospital, later became the Uppsala County Hospital, was built in its place but was moved out of the town in XIX century. Remarkable is the swedish Uppsala University of agricultural sciences, while Carl Linnaeus is primarily known for the system he constructed for classifying and naming the Nature: one reason for the impact of Linnaeus’s work was his ability to create networks, nurture good contacts and acquire benefactors.

Uppsala University joined the Matariki Network of Universities (MNU) together with Dartmouth College (USA), Durham University (UK), Queen's University (Canada), University of Otago (New Zealand), University of Tübingen (Germany) and University of Western Australia (Australia). It also has signed student exchange agreements with about 400 universities across all parts of the world and takes part in the Erasmus programme and the Nordplus programme, and benefits from its membership in the Coimbra Group of universities. Uppsala University is one of the most prominent universities in Sweden and is commonly ranked within the top 100 in the world by several ranking agencies: for example, for over ten years, the ranking of Uppsala University has been ranked among the 80 best universities in the world in the Academic Ranking of World Universities.

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Just 2 years later in Denmark, within the Kalmar League ruled by the same kings, had been founded the University of Copenhagen. The oldest danish university was open by Christian I king of Denmark and Sweden and Norway after receiving a bull from Pope Sixtus IV, as a result of the visit to Rome by the Queen Dorothea of Brandenburg. A royal decree that officially established the University of Copenhagen set down the rules and laws governing the atheneum and elected magistar Peder Albertsen as vice chancellor, with the task to employ various learned scholars and thereby establish its first four faculties: theology, law, medicine and philosophy. The royal decree made the University of Copenhagen enjoy royal patronage from its very beginning, but furthermore the atheneum was explicitly established as an autonomous institution, giving it a great degree of juridical freedom. As such, the University of Copenhagen was to be administered without royal interference and it was not subject to the usual laws governing the Danish people.

The University of Copenhagen was dissolved in about 1531 A.D. as a result of the spread of Protestantism, but re-established 6 years later by King Christian III after the Lutheran Reformation of Denmark. The king charged Johannes Bugenhagen, who came from the luteran University of Wittenberg to Copenhagen to take up a chair of theology, with the drawing up of a new University Charter, the resulting of it was issued in 1539 A.D. During XVII century, the University of Copenhagen introduced the concept of degree examinations and a specific examination for theology was added in 1675 A.D., followed by the law one 60 years later, while in 1788 A.D. all faculties required an examination before they would issue a degree. In 1807 A.D. most of the university's buildings were heavily damaged during the British bombardment of Copenhagen: by 30 years later, however, the new main building of the university was inaugurated amid extensive building that continued until the end of the century. The University Library (now a part of the Royal Library), the Zoological Museum, the Geological Museum, the Botanic Garden with greenhouses and the Technical College were also established during this period. Interior of the old university library was moved at Fiolstræde around 1920 A.D..

The first female student was enrolled at the University of Copenhagen in 1877 A.D. and it underwent explosive growth between Sixties and Eighties, when number of students rose from around 6,000 to about 26,000, with a correspondingly large growth in the number of employees. Buildings erected during this time period include the new Zoological Museum, the Hans Christian Ørsted and August Krogh Institutes, the Campus centre on Amager Island and the Panum Institute, unless the Geological Museum now part of the Natural History Museum of Denmark. The new University of Copenhagen Statute was instituted in 1970 A.D. and involved democratisation of the management of the atheneum. It was modified 3 years later and subsequently applied to all higher education institutions in Denmark, while the democratisation was later reversed with the 2003 A.D. university reforms.

In 2005 A.D. the Center for Health and Society (Center for Sundhed og Samfund – CSS) opened in central Copenhagen, housing the Faculty of Social Sciences and Institute of Public Health, which until then had been located in various places throughout the city. In 2007 A.D. the University of Copenhagen merged with the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University and the Danish University of Pharmaceutical Science: the 2 universities were converted into faculties under the University of Copenhagen and were renamed as the Faculty of Life Sciences and the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 5 years later, the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the veterinary third of the Faculty of Life Sciences merged with the Faculty of Health Sciences forming the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences and the other two-thirds of the Faculty of Life Sciences were merged into the Faculty of Science. The University of Copenhagen has 4 main campus areas that are located in the Capital Region (3 in Copenhagen city and 1 in Frederiksberg).

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