MAGYARS PEOPLE

Magyars people has been selected by Roberto Amati in relation to the real history of european integration, then enlisted in the EUROPEAN PEOPLE category, accompanied by own fact SHEET useful to the comprehension, completed of historical MAPS AND IMAGES or with a direct linking to the related Blog contents dedicated to the entire history of european integration and the future of Europe.

The international name for Magyars people comes from the ugric term MAG-yarz (/ˈmæɡjɑːrz/) used to self-define their original ethnic group before to settle in Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország). Indeed, since IX century A.D. Hungarians (alias Magyarok [ˈmɒɟɒrok]) are an Eastern European historical nation who formed and populated its own Kingdom of Hungary and shared a common culture, history, ancestry and the hungarian language, not indoeuropean but belonging to the Uralic family alongside the Finns language.

Hungarians can be divided into different subgroups according to local linguistic and cultural characteristics: the magyars tribes with distinct identities include the most prominent "Megyer", the Székelys (in eastern Transylvania as well as in Bukovina), the Csángós (in Western Moldavia), the Palóc and the Matyó. This people is originary of the southern Ural Mountains in Western Siberia from where they leave and conquest the Carpathian Basin, after a long period of living during the "Common Era" on the steppes of Scythia when they had been called "Ungri" probably from the Russian term "Yugra" (Югра). In the IV millennium B.C. the Uralic-speaking peoples were living all around the Urals region but split up dispersing towards the west and northwest and came into contact with Turkic and Iranian speakers, so that Magyars do have some Turkic genetic and cultural influence, including their historical social structure being of Turkic origin, they still are not widely considered as part of the Turkic people.

The ancient Ugrians are associated with the Mezhovskaya culture and were influenced by the Indo-iranic peoples of Sarmatians and Saka, as well as later by Xiongnu. The historical Magyars created an alliance among the steppe tribes, consisting of an Ugric/Magyar ruling class, formerly Iranian but also Turkic (Oghuric) and Slavic speaking tribes, which made the "magyar invasion" of the Pannonia plain, giving rise to modern Hungarians and Hungarian culture. Some of the Hungarians moved to the Don River, between the Volga, the Don and the Seversky Donets rivers, meanwhile others remained in Bashkiria until XIII century A.D.: the Magyars around the Don River area were subordinates of the Khazar Khaganate and their neighbours were the Bulgars (Proto-Bulgarians, Onogurs) and the Alans, from whom they learned gardening, cattle breeding and agriculture. Their tradition holds that Hungarians were organized in a confederacy of seven tribes: Jenő, Kér, Keszi, Kürt-Gyarmat, Megyer, Nyék, and Tarján.

Around 830 A.D. a rebellion broke out in the Khazar khaganate and three tribes of Khazars joined the Hungarians and moved to Etelköz, the territory between the Carpathians and the Dnieper River, where the neighbours were the Varangians and the eastern Slavs. At the end of the Avar Kaganate, the Carolingian Empire asserted their influence in Transdanubia and in 862 A.D. Prince Rastislav of Moravia hired them to rebelle against the Franks to won his independence: that was the first time that Hungarians troops entered the Carpathian Basin and the Archbishop of Reims recorded them as unknown enemies called "Ungri", giving the first mention of the Magyars in Western Europe.

Based on DNA evidence of the Magyars conqueror graves, they were admixed with Sarmatians and Huns but the vast majority of the Hungarian had European genome. According to some genetic studies there is a genetic continuity from the Bronze Age, a continuous migration of the Steppe folks from east to the Carpathian Basin: the Magyars arrived in the frame of a strong centralized steppe-empire under the leadership of Grand Prince Álmos and his son Árpád, founders of the hungarian Árpád dynasty who had a great relevance in the history of european integration among the others european genealogies. Especially after the Battle of Lechfeld in 955 A.D. that put and end to their raids against Western Europe and permitted the Pope approvation for Magyars settlement in the area, when their leaders converted to Christianity and Stephen I was crowned King of Hungary in 1001 A.D..

The christian Hungary Kingdom expanded during late Middle Age to Croatia and Slovenia regions forming a large strong state that defended Christianity for long time until the Battle of Varna in 1444 A.D., when the Magyars warriors had been defeated by Turks and leaved all the Balcanic region under their expansion, ended with the conquest of Constantinople that put the end to the millennial Bizantine Empire. Decades after it happened another relevant fact for the history of european integration: the hungarian king Louis II of the Jagelloni died in the Battle of Mohacs and his reigns passed under the control of the Habsburg dinasty, rulers of the Reich Empire untile its end in 1919 A.D., when Hungary became a new independent republican state.

The main cities founded by Magyars are Debrecen, Miskolc, Szeged and Gyor, while among the aeternitas of Europe are enlisted the capital Budapest, an old roman castra evoluted along the centuries as fortress on the Danube river, and Pecs, founded by Illyrians in pre-historic times and became the capital of the Pannonia Valeria province of the Roman empire. Cause of the migrations, significant groups of people with Magyars ancestry live in various other parts of the world such as Germany, France, Slovakia, Romania, Serbia, Austria, Croatia, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina and Australia.

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