1000 A.D.

1000 A.D. has been selected by Roberto Amati in relation to the real history of european integration, then enlisted in the People, Dates, Places and Events category, accompanied by own fact SHEET useful to the comprehension, completed of historical MAPS AND IMAGES or with a direct linking to the related Blog contents dedicated to the entire history of european integration and the future of Europe.

1000 A.D. is one of the most important date in whole history of european integration and will probably have influence on the future of United europe: at that date the "millenarianism" thinking paradigma spreaded all around Europe as symptom of a general crisis emerging at the end of the Early Middle Age for many reasons (that instead opened the road for a new epoch of desired development and growth), making most of the European people imagine an imminent end of the world! Something like the situation we are living nowadays, 1000 years later...

The famous slogan <<1000 and not 1000 more!>> awakened the christians consciousness on the imminente returning of Jesus Christ to edify the New Kingdom of God on Earth, not before than a general distruction and depopulation already prophesized in the Apocalypse book of the Bible: the typical jewish belief in a new alleance between the ancient biblical God with the survivers, who would have formed a renewed world announced by the most ancient escatologies. It had been called "chialism" by scholars and disfruted by the Roman catholic church to empower and change the political situation in Europe. In fact, many aspects of the european life passed to a new status and the general system evolved towards directions not imaginable just at the end of X century A.D.

The 1000 A.D. became symbolic for many transformations with long and deep impacts on the history of european integration until nowadays: for example, the first demographic boom ever registered in Europe since 476 A.D., caused by a more mild climate ("climate change") and by the end of viral pandemic ("pandemic crisis"); that provoked the develompment of countrysides and of new agricultural techniques useful to drain marshes and poldes and successively increase the crops fields available and the farm produce; this permitted a better diet for everyone and longer lives, having stronger farmers and workers to employ in public works; meantime, the landlords started to rent their immense fertile grounds to free farmers by sharing with them the surplus of production and wealth.

These basic changings imposed evolutions of the social and politic systems: cause of the continue incursions of Vikings, Magyars and Arabs stopped in that period (that boosted the common sense of precipice), meanwhile the christian empire had been restored in Reich Empire and the "carolingian renaissance" returned under the emperor Otto I as well as the evangelization of Eastern Europe, rural population formed villages around maonrs of feudal lords or chevaliers became in a short time the Comuni political organization; so the landlords regime based on the property or possession rights slowly evolved in territorial lords ("castellania"), that added protection and administration duties on the surrounding territory and population but enlarged its military and jurisdictional powers conceded by the King; on his part, the head of the kingdom could increase the fiscal incomes and empower his control on the political and economic sphere of the country. In that epoch were born the first authonomous Comuni and the ancient roman civitas borned again as centre for public powers or christianity authorities: in those organized new public spaces developed tradings, street markets, shows and the related financial and transportation services, often managed by privates.

Even the political regime turned to stronger and powerful local great fiefs, especially in Western Europe, connected to the emperor or king level of power by feudal loyalty obliges, that often were violated and required military actions to repress the tentatives of revolt culminated in the "guelphs&ghibelines war" time after. So the castle and the church or the abbey became the symbol of the 1000 A.D. epoch, representing both the supreme acutoritas of Christianity that the roman emperor Constantine I tried to balance in the 1st Council of Nicea. Aside them emerged the Comuni and the local autonomies more and more consolidated in the hands of the feudal european genealogies. But this reform interested also the empire and many european state.

At the end of X century A.D. the Byzantine empire tried to strengthen the relation with the other christian european kingdoms, by chosing the Ottoni imperial dinasty and the Rurikid princely russian family as their heirs and co-rulers in Ecclesiae Christiana, in accordance with the "caesaropapist" model coming from the Tetrarchy reform of Roman Empire and next transformation in christian theocracy. In that general scenario, Stephen of Arpad dinasty was crowned first christian king of Hungary in the night of 25th december, while the emperor Otto III elevated Gniezno as archibishopric seat so founding the catholic church of Poland entrusted to Piast dinasty, out of the jurisdiction of the immense archibishopric of Magdeburg instituted by his grandfather with the intention to evangelize all Eastern Europe up to Kiev! Meantime, on the western part of Europe, Sancho III Garces of Jimenez dinasty became king of Navarra and Count of Aragona in 1000 A.D., joining those territories to the County of Castile and the Kingdom Leon to define a unique political entity fundamental to fight the Reconquista and start the constitution of the christian reign that after 1492 A.D. will form the Spain state.

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